sphere

bohr model

more electrons or fewer electrons than the neutral atom?

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periodic chart
(92 different types of spheres)

workhorses

H, O, C, N

P, S

Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl essential salts

Fe, Mn, Zn, Co trace mineral

Pb, Sn, Hg, U, Pu DO NOT WANT

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atoms combine to form molecules

atoms stick together a few different ways

+ - spheres

Na+  Cl-

electrostatic

H-H

O=O

N=N

covalent

Lewis electron dot, valence electrons, count to 8 or 18

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H-O-H


   H
  HCH
   H

tetrahedron

four-sided, with each side an equil triangle

CH3

--  

stick figures

1 methane
2 ethane
3 propane
4 n-butane isobutane
5 pentane

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functional groups

methanol

ethanol

1-propanol, 2-propanol

butanol


formaldehyde

acetaldehyde


formic acid

acetic acid

propionic acid

butyric acid

--- 

acid + alcohol forms an ester

ethyl acetate


greasy biological stuff is all lumped together as "lipids"
cholesterol, oils (liq), fats (solids)

what we're interested in are those that combine a special triple-threat
alcohol known as "glycerol"

CH2OHCHOHCH2OH

with a long chain organic acid known as a (wait for it) "fatty acid"

CH3(CH2)nCOOH for n=14,16  

condensation (bringing together, taking water out)

hydrolysis (taking apart by putting water in)


--- 

biodiesel is not the same thing as straight vegetable oil (SVO, WVO, PPO)

glycerine + 3 fatty acids makes for a heavy molecule (>3X)

solid at cold temperatures
doesn't vaporize as easily
doesn't burn as easily 
carbon deposits

dual fuel
heaters

--- 

biodiesel

take one molecule of fat, break it up into four molecules, one of glycerol
and 3 of fatty acid

where glycerol had been, hooking in a methanol (or ethanol)

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supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

antidisestablishmentarianism

transubstantiation

transesterification

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